石斑鱼鱼虱病的研究──Ⅰ.南海鱼虱,新种Caligus nanhaiensis n.sp.

记述华南地区网箱养殖石斑鱼鱼虱病病原──南海鱼虱，新种Caligusnanhaiensisnsp．形态的光镜和电镜观察结果，并对南海鱼虱与相似种C．seriolaeYamaguti，1936和C.tanagoYamaguti，1939的形态特征进行详细比较。     

Fluorosis and arsenicosis： An update

Endemic fluorosis, caused by excess fluoride in water, is widespread in the arid and semiarid tracts of India. This disorder is of recent origin and developed due to certain faulty water management practices. After Eager reported ‘dental mottling＇ among emigrants from Pozzuli in Italy in 1901, several such reports came from all over the world. From 3 works published independently from Pennsylvania, Arizona and South Africa in 1931, it was known that this disorder is caused by drinking water containing over 1 mg/L fluoride during formation of permanent teeth among children.‘Skeletal fluorosis/Osteofluorosis＇, affecting bones and joints among adults was reported by Moeller and Gudjonsson in 1932 due to accumulation of fluoride in hard tissues by drinking water with over 7 mg/L fluoride for several years. In course of time fluorosis has been reported in over 22 countries from all over the world. Fluorosis spreads now among 67 million people in the entire arid and semiarid tracts of India. The work of National Institute of Nutrition of India at Hyderabad in 1977 revealed the spread of endemic ‘genu valgum＇ （knock-knee） crippling lower limbs right from childhood in association with fluorosis in most parts of India. Although preliminary work revealed that genu valgum is caused by drinking waters poor in calcium and rich in molybdenum, efforts these disorders by supplying low-fluoride water should be taken up to know its exact cause to the communities could not so eradicate The governmental efforts to eradicate the problem.     

Local provenance in rehabilitation of degraded landscapes: a case study from the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, Australia

Throughout Australia thousands of volunteers are engaged in Landcare projects that should help rehabilitate degraded landscapes. Many of these projects involve tree planting, but their seed is not necessarily of local provenance. Based on a survey of 85 Landcare groups working in the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, data were collected about Landcare groups' knowledge of their seed source, understanding of local provenance and the ecosystem in which they were planting trees and the source of funding for their projects. The findings from the study indicate that about one in five (21%) of the groups surveyed that introduced plant material were not aware of local provenance issues. Indirect indications were that a large number of Landcare groups state-wide may be doing more harm than good to the landscape while trying to rehabilitate it. The data also showed that one in seven (13%) of the groups funded by the Australian Government through the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) had limited awareness of local provenance issues. With millions of dollars being spent on 'works on the ground', it would be prudent to allocate some funds to document and monitor current Landcare activities, so that the environmental outcomes can be quantified and more effective Landcare policies can be developed in the future.     

云南省传染病与太阳活动关系的考察

从日地关系的角度出发,探讨太阳活动对人类流行性疾病的影响。根据云南地区自建国以来的１５种流行性疾病每年人数的资料,对每种疾病人数的相对比率与太阳黑子相对数对应作图比较,并求其相关系数。考察结果为：猩红热、疟疾、炭疽、百日咳、白喉、流感、乙脑、痢疾、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、姜片虫病、肝炎与太阳活动的关系不明确,伤寒、斑疹伤寒和流脑与太阳活动显著相关     

横断山区植物区系的基本特点

横断山区植物区系的基本特点为,植物种类多,古老植物多,特有植物多,地理成分复杂,各地理成分联系复杂,植物分化强烈。     

人体高发疾病的病理性矿物研究进展

人体很多疾病病灶中都有矿物晶体沉淀,这些矿物与通过地球化学作用生成的矿物在成分、结构和产状上有很大差异。病理性矿物的矿化过程必然有人体有机组织和成分的参与,并影响着疾病的发生和发展。因此含有丰富的能反映人体环境及周围环境变化影响人体的信息,这些信息具体蕴藏在矿物外部微形貌、内部微结构、化学组成和成因、产状等方面。本文总结了一些高发疾病如肿瘤、心血管疾病、关节炎、中枢神经系统疾病中病理性矿物的分布和特征,综述了矿物与疾病关系的部分研究成果。     

A Network Model for Dispersion of Communicable Diseases

The spread of communicable diseases through a population is an intrinsic spatial and temporal process. This paper presents an individual‐based analytical framework for modeling the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the disease transmission. The framework specifies a network model structure and six associated parameters. These parameters describe the properties of nodes, the properties of links, and the topology of the network. Through this model structure and associated parameters, this framework allows the representation of discrete individuals, individualized interactions, and interaction patterns in a network of human contact. The explicit representation of the spatial distribution and mobility of individuals in particular facilitates the modeling of spatial heterogeneity in the disease transmission.     

从地方病和环境污染性疾病看微量元素与钙的关系

从地方病和环境污染性疾病看微量元素与钙的关系李广生井玲（白求恩医科大学,长春１３００２１）关键词微量元素钙地方病环境污染性疾病我国几种主要地方病都与一定的微量元素有关,这已为大家所熟知。而值得重视的是,除了微量元素之外,它们又都在某些环节上与宏量元素...     

二氧化氯控制欧洲鳗细菌性疾病

以二氧化氯作为一种新型的消毒剂和杀菌剂 ,以传统含氯制剂 (如漂白粉、二氯异氰尿酸钠、三氯异氰尿酸 )作为对照 ,比较其在治疗欧洲鳗细菌性疾病及改善养殖水质方面的显著特性 ,其作用活性与环境 (如 p H、温度、氨及有机物 )因子的关系。结果表明 ,二氧化氯 (Cl O2 )对爱德华氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌和柱状屈挠杆菌有很好的杀灭效果 ,能迅速治愈欧洲鳗的赤鳍病和肝肾病 ,且能有效改善养殖水体 ,水中生化需氧量比对照组下降 10 %～ 30 % ,化学耗氧量下降 5% ,溶氧量提高 8%～ 10 %。当二氧化氯体积分数为 8m L/m3时 ,其杀菌率均高达 90 %以上 ,为氯制剂的 1.8倍 ,且活性不受环境因子的影响     

安徽省淮北平原地下水环境与工作方向

安徽省淮北平原位于该省北部,平原西部阜阳市地面沉降中心最大沉降量1501mm,采水型地面沉降进一步扩大,推测平原西部地区已发生大范围的地面沉降.淮北平原区饮水型高氟地方病广布,地氟病区占全区总面积的40%.其中轻病村17942个,占病村总数79.5%;中度病村4529个,占20.0%;重病村148个,占病村总数0.65%.病区乡人口总数1344.4万人,占淮北平原总人口的66%.区域地下水水位持续下降,地下水质量不断劣化.本文通过对以上主要水环境问题的论述,提出了平原区今后工作方向的建议.